FOLK
DANCE |
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AADI
VEDAN
Aadivedan is an ancient folk art prevalent
in certain areas of Kannur district. Aadi and Vedam represent
parvathy and siva. All the characters who enact these two
roles normally belong to two different communities. It is
performed during day time.
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ARJUNA NRITHAM
Arjunanritham is a popular
dance from in Alleppey and Kottayam districts. This is performed
by one or two persons at night and the lighting is done by the
traditional lamp called 'Nilavilakku'. Arjunan was proficient
in dance among the Pandavas and he is supposed to have danced
and sung praising Bhadrakali. Since the lower part of the garments
of the dance is made of peacock feathers, the dance is also
known as "Mayilpeeli Thookkam".
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KUMMATTI
Kummattikali is a mask dance popular in South
Malabar. The dancers wear brightly painted wooden masks. During
onam season groups of dancers donning masks and adorning themselves
with leaves and grass go from house to house. The songs are
melodious and deal with devotional themes. The rhythm is provided
by vibrating the string of a bow-like instrument called onavillu.
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KUTHIRAKALI
This is a ritualistic art prevalent in Malappuram
District. A horse is fashioned with bamboo splints and tender
fronds of the coconut palm. This horse is lifted and carried
on the shoulders of the performers who dance to the rhythm
of Chenda and to the accompaniment of songs sung by them.
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KOTHAMOORIYATTAM
This art forms is performed in Kannur District.
The leader along with the troupe go to each house, play on
the Chenda and begins to sing. Two charactors with face masks
made out of the stalk of coconut fronds and with yellow tassels
of Kuruthola sing the refrain. Along with this they go through
an enactment of comical gestures. There comedy charactors
are known as Paniyans. Another charactor the representation
of bull, worn round his waist, dances in peculiar style. Kotha
means child and Moori means bull. This is an entertainment
which the Malayans performs when the harvest is ever.
KOZHIPPORUKALI
Kozhipporukali is meant as a community entertainment. The
main features of the performance is the signing of a rhythmic
song, about cock fight, with performs holding staves two to
three feet long, with which they drives stylized blows in
the air and show off their valour. Background accompaniments
are provided by bells and dolak. There are many intricate
martial movements which the performers go through. At the
end of each complex move the performers shout in imitation
of cook's crow. After commencing in a slow tempo this is worked
up to a high pitch before the performance concludes. This
art form is prevalent in Chirayinkizhu, Kilimanoor and Pazhaya
kunnummal at Thiruvananthapuram District.
GARUDAN THOOKAM
This dance from is presented in some temple where the installed
deity is Badrakali. Two or three dancers in the garb of Garuda,
dance to the ehythm of percussion instruments. The dance is
known as the Thookakaran. In limitation of Garuda (the bird
king) the dancers preen the feathers with their beaks, carry
snakes in the beak, dance with wings spread in circle, in
an ecstasy of joy. And this, against the background of the
rhythm of the instruments, the shouts of the on lookers, and
the bursting of crackers, all of which combine to produce
the effect of a battle. At the end, the Thookakaran climbs
into a cart, circumambulates the temple and the donates blood.
While goddess Kali was fighting demon Darika, Garuda, the
vehicle of Lord Vishnu, flew round and round and viewed the
scene. Even after slaying Darika, the flaming anger of the
goddess was not assuaged. She turned against Garuda. Though
he pleaded a thousand times for pardon, the terrible goddess
clamed down only after drinking three drops of Garuda's blood.
This art forms, a votive offering, revives this theme. Instruments
like the Chenda, Maddalam, Cymbals, Horns etc. are used. This
art for is prevalent in Kottayam and Alappuzha districts.
CHAVITUKALI (CHERUMAKKALI)
Popular in Malaappuram District. This is performed by the
Pulaya Community. This entertainment is presented during temple
festivals or during Onam, Vishnu and such other festive days.
When the performers stand in a circle, the leader of the troupe
recites two lines of a song. The others repeat the lines.
After doing this twice, they dance in a circle, with hand
gestures, to a peculiar kind of rhythm. When the song nears
the end, the tempo of the dance rises. Mostly the rhythm remains
unchanged. But the steps, could be circular and diagonal.
No percussion instruments or lighting effects are used.
CHATTHANKALI
Prevalent in many areas of Ponnani and Thirur Taluks in Malappuram
District. In the garb of Chathan, a village deity, they dance
to the accompaniment of percussion instruments like the Chenda
etc. In both hands the dancers of Kolams carry two short sticks.
They click these sticks together rhythm. Each particular dance
sequence takes about ten minutes. A particular type of Chenda
is used as background rhythm. Usually this is performed during
day time. A linon cloth jingling bell round the waist and
heavy clanking anklet and on the head, a headdress made of
arecanut frond's base and tender coconut frond's. A face mask
of arecanut frond base, with an exaggerated nose. These form
the costume.
CHOZHIKKALI
Prevalent in Thrissur District. Children don the garb of Chozhi.
The elders don the costumes of kalan, Chitragupta, Muthiyamma.
The leader stands in the midst of children, garbed as Chozhi.
The leader makes the Chozhis sit in a circle round him and
begins to sing. The Chozhis clap their palams. Later, the
elder in the garb of Kalan (God of Death) and Chitragupta
enter to the accompaniment of yells. The Muthiamma sings humorous
songs. After commencing the performance, in a vacant lot,
the performers go from house to house and perform this. The
costume of Chozhi consists of dried plantain leaves, tied
all over the body. And two horns would be sticking out from
the forehead. Kalan and Chiragupta wear black clothes and
masks of terrifying aspects with fangs bared.
THALAMKALI (THALIKAKKALI)
This is an art form where physical culture amount much. It
is prevalent in Malappuram District, and is performed by the
Thiyas. It is said that this used to be popular as a performance
during the celebrations of Thaikettu (a ritual in which the
young girls who attain puberty go through a mock marriage)
The performers stand in circle and sing to a rhythm. After
that they carry plates in both palms and go through intricate
twisting and turning. And along with this are shown various
types of gestures too. However intricate the twisting and
turning, the plates will remain stuck to the palms with a
pot full of water on the head and plates carried on the palm,
various dances are also exhibited.
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