FOLK
DANCE
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KAMPADAVU KALI
A
war dance which is the legacy of an ancient past. The dance
is performed in circles and the dancers utter wild war cries
as it gathers momentum. The group formations are many and
varied and the power and variety of rhythm exquisite. There
is steeping, hopping and squatting; every movement keeps perfect
time with the strokes of the sticks which the dancers hold
in their hands. Unique for its footwork and the striking of
sticks which very closely resmbles the movements of the sword
and the shield in ancient duels in Kerala. This dance is also
known as kampadi kali and koladikali or kolkali.
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AMMANATTOM
Ammana is a hollow metallic ball which contains
numerous metallic pieces inside. Women perform the ammanattom
dance, using four to twenty-four ammanas which are thrown
up and caught deft missing none. The jingling of the ammanas
perfectly time with the rhythm of the Brahmani songs sung
by the performer.
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THOOKKAM
This is a votive offering performed in Bhagavathy
temples. The costume of the dancer is as in Velichapppadu
Thullal, red scarf on the head and a red flowery clothe at
the waist. Anklets are tied to the legs. The performer goes
round the deity, dancing to the rhymes set by chenda, maddalam,
thimila and elathalam. After worshipping the deity he gets
over a one wheeld polatform over which is the pillar like
utholakam. There is a hook at one end of the utholakam to
which is attached the backside skin of the dancer. This end
is then raised up. Hooked to the uthjolakam, the dancer is
thus suspend in the air almost horizontally in which posture
he executes certain physical feats and dance movements and
the whole platform is taken round the temple deity thrice.
Sometimes the make-up of the dancer will be in the shape of
garuda, the mythological bird, hence the dance os called garudan
thookam.
In another local variation a number of dancers in the costume
and make - up of garuda wings pleated skirts assemble before
t6he temple deity and dance to the accompaniment of thimila,
chenda, maddalam, elathalam etc. The dance is thus known as
garudanparava.
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AIVAR KALI
Aivar Kali literally means
the play of the five sets. This is performed by members of Asari,
Moosari, Karuvan, Thattan, and Kallasari communities. It is
often staged in connection with temple festivals like Veleda,
Thalapoli etc. This is a ring dance in which the dancers with
small sticks in their hands perform a vigorous and powerful
dance. The twinkling of the bells attached to the sticks adds
to the charm of the accompanying music which is skillfully varied
to avoid monotony. With the singing, the dancing rises to a
crescendo of rhythmic fervor and the dancers swirl round, feet
in step and the sticks striking perfect time.
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EZHAMATHU KALI
This is a form of social satire performed
as domestic entertainment by members of the Variar and pisharady
communities. A group of people gather round an oil-lit lam before
which is copper potplaced upside down. It is by beating on the
vessel with the hand that the rhythm is set. One from the groups
stands up and asks a question in the form of a song to another
in the group. Those who fail to answer have to enact various
roles. Though devoid of much dance element, this humorous play
gives plenty of scope for buffoonery and clowning which is done
with great agility and gusto. This dance is almost extinct now.
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PENTHARUMO NRITHAM
A graceful group-dance of women, performed only very rarely
nowadays s. the girls link their arms and form two lines. Facing
each other, they move forward and backwards to the rhythm of
songs. The head and body sway in perfect unison with the different
steps executed. The case of movement and supple grace furnish
an experience of rare beauty and enjoyment. The songs are in
the form of questions and answers in which one party request
the other to give them a girl. The request is promptly refused,
but is repeated along with offers of various ransoms and rewards
and turned down time and again. In the end a mock trail-of war
is executed between the two groups.
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SANGHA KALI
Sangha Kali is also known as Sastrakali, Chathirakali
or Vatrakali. Essentially a socio-religious dance which was
a very favourite and popular pastime of Namboodiris, it was
performed as a votive offering. The origin of Sanghakali may
be traced to the numerous gymnasia (Known as Kalaris) in ancient
Kerala where physical exercises and military training with
special stress on physical feats and swordsmanship were given.
Periodic celebrations were held in this Kalaris with special
displays of skill in weapons and the techniques of combat.
With the infiltration and stabilization of Aryan culture in
the land, the Namboodiri Brahmins-the Aryan immigrants-entered
these gymnasia and their participation and influence gave
the celebrations a religious turn.
A number of people with red scarfs on the head and red cloth
on the wrist get together and the performance begins with a
procession to the gymnasium to the accompaniment of the reverberation
of the chenda, maddalam, elethalam and gong. The dance has a
number of phases of ritual worship, recital of devotional songs,
pure dance, comic interludes, etc. They include the kottichakampookal,
kottiyarkal, pana, velichappadu, nalupadam, slokam, neetuvayana,
kandappanpurappad, poli kaimalothika samvadam, paradesipurappad
etc.
The last phase of the dance is called Kudameduppu. It is martial
in character and actually in the form of combat exercise displaying
the skill in swordsmanship and the mastery of techniques in
the use of other weapons. Of the dance part in sanghakali, the
Kurathiyattom is the most graceful and eloquent.
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